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Difference Between Equity Shares vs Preference Shares

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Shares are classified into two main types:

1. Equity Shares

2. Preference Shares.

Head to Head Comparison Between Equity Shares vs Preference Shares(Infographics)

Key Differences between Equity Shares vs Preference Shares:-

Let us discuss some of the major differences between Equity Shares vs Preference Shares

Equity Shares are the main source of finance for the company, and they hold ownership in the company. In contrast, preference shareholders are the lender of capital to the company and do not hold voting rights.

Investing in preference shares is safer than Equity shares.

Equity shareholders get the company’s profit in dividends at fluctuating rates, whereas preference shareholders get dividends at fixed rates and before Equity shareholders.

The person holding the Equity share cannot convert its shares into preference shares; however, a person holding preference shares can convert its shares to Equity shares.

Equity shareholders have the authority to vote in all matters. However, preference shareholders’ voting authority is restricted.

Equity shareholders have the authority to participate in the company’s management; however, preference shareholders do not have the authority to participate in the company’s management.

At the time of the company’s bankruptcy, preference shareholders get the refund of capital first after selling company assets. After that, Equity shareholders get a refund of the capital amount.

Paying the dividend is not compulsory to equity shareholders; however, payments to preference shareholders are paid only when the company earns a profit.

Equity share is for those investors who are ready to take a risk and interested in a higher return; on the other hand, preference share is preferred by those investors who are willing to invest in the company but do not want to take a risk with fluctuating share prices. Hence, they favor preference shares to earn fix rate of dividends.

Preference shares are sold back to the company; however, Equity shares are sold back to someone (Buyer) in the stock market.

Equity Shares vs Preference Shares Comparison Table

Source of Division Equity Shares Preference Shares

Brief/Gist Equity share is the main source for raising funds, and they signify ownership in the company. Preference shares guarantee shareholders fix the dividend rate and are a lender of capital and not an owner.

Dividend Rate Equity shareholders received a dividend at a Fluctuating rate and paid after all liabilities payments. Preference shareholders received dividend payments at a fixed rate and before Equity Shareholders.

Capital Payment/Liquidation In the case of company insolvency, the payment to equity shareholders is settled or repaid. In the event of company insolvency, the repayment to preference shareholders prioritizes before the repayment to equity shareholders.

Voting Authority Equity shareholders have the right to vote on all matters of the company. Generally, Preference shareholders do not carry voting rights, but in some cases, they get the voting rights.

Convertibility Equity shares cannot be converted. Some types of preference shares can be converted to Equity shares.

Amount Overdue There is no provision to accumulate the previous year’s dividend; due to this, Equity shareholders will not get the previous year’s overdue payment of dividends. Preference shareholders get the previous year’s pending dividend payment in certain cases (Depending on which Type of preference share they hold).

Risk A risk associated with Equity shares is higher. A risk associated with a preference share is less than an Equity share.

Investors Investors who are ready to take the risk of investing in Equity shares. Investors who want a stable return on investment invest in Preference shares.

Decision of Rate The board of the company decides the dividend rate on Equity shares. The company fixes the dividend rate at the time of issuing preference shares.

Conclusion

From the above, it is evident that companies issue equity and preference shares as types of shares to raise funds and fulfill their requirements. Public and private companies issue shares, and if the company is in profit or performs well, shareholders get that profit in the form of dividends at a fixed and fluctuating rate.

Equity shares give the highest return on investment at the cost of the highest risk; however, preference shares give a fixed sum of money at the cost of zero or minimal risk. Anyone looking to invest money in shares must know about the stock market to avoid losses from an upward and downward price.

Any company’s share price depends on the company’s performance and some external factors. Long-term investment in shares provided good returns for longer periods. If anyone is looking for a risk-free investment, investing in a mutual fund is the best option as a risk in this comparatively less than stock.

Paypal Cofounder Shares Entrepreneurial Wisdom

PayPal Cofounder Shares Entrepreneurial Wisdom BUzz Lab brings Peter Thiel to SMG

PayPal cofounder Peter Thiel told an SMG audience that “every moment in the history of business happens only once.” Photos by Jackie Ricciardi

The restaurant taboo was one of the many rapid-fire nuggets of wisdom that Thiel shared with a packed audience on Tuesday at the School of Management auditorium. Thiel was there to discuss his book, Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or Hgooglow to Build the Future, and to answer questions through moderator and Boston Globe innovation columnist Scott Kirsner (COM’93). BUzz Lab, the University’s new center for entrepreneurship, invited Thiel to campus to wrap up its inaugural semester with a bang. Within 72 hours of announcing the event, all 400 seats were spoken for, according to Ian Mashiter, an SMG lecturer and BUzz Lab director. The event was also broadcast on Livestream.

Thiel said the idea for his book evolved from a class on entrepreneurship that he taught at Stanford in 2012. He ran into a challenge early on when he realized that entrepreneurship greatly relies on serendipity. “Every moment in the history of business happens only once,” he said, adding that the next Bill Gates won’t build an operating system and the next Larry Page or Sergey Brin won’t make a search engine.

Thiel challenged the audience to consider the question: “What great company is nobody starting?” And he asked them, much as he does job prospects, to “tell me something that’s true that very few people agree with you on.” Neither promises an easy answer, but that’s the point. “We live in a world where courage is in much shorter supply than genius.”

Thiel offered his own truth when he challenged people to think of competition as the antonym of capitalism. “What you always want to be aiming for as an entrepreneur is a monopoly,” he said. Google has dominated the search engine market since 2002, he said, although their business moves try to hide that fact. They waltz out new technologies, like smartphones and self-driving cars, under the Google banner so they can say, “‘No, we’re not the monopoly the government is looking for.’”

Successful entrepreneurs find niche markets. “All happy companies are different, because they found something unique to do,” Thiel said. Those that follow trends are bound to fail. “When you hear ‘cloud computing’ or ‘big data,’ you should run away as fast as possible.”

Thiel also compared the success of the aviation and search engine industries. The first generates $180 billion per year, while the second pulls in $50 billion per year. However, because airline industries are highly competitive, they end up with a 1 to 2 percent yearly profit; search engines like Google have a chokehold on the market and see a 20 to 30 percent yearly profit.

When Thiel’s talk ended, Kirsner took a seat alongside the entrepreneur to feed him audience questions, amassed in real time on an iPad.

Asked how his Stanford undergraduate degree in philosophy has influenced his choices as an entrepreneur, Thiel said philosophy, at its best, is interdisciplinary and focuses on big picture questions, which come in handy when considering all aspects of a business model—from product development and hiring to market share and world affairs.

Had Thiel noticed a change in business schools since his undergraduate years? Yes, he said, there is now tremendous interest in entrepreneurship and innovation, so much so that it’s considered key to the country’s future.

One student wanted to know if Thiel thought venture capital was the next bubble, and if companies valued at billions of dollars were teetering dangerously on little to no cash flow (paging Snapchat). He said some companies’ financial models rely heavily on estimates of future earnings, and for good reason. PayPal saw three-quarters of its cash value evolve after 2011, even though the company went public in 2002. “I tend to think we’re not in a bubble like the late ’90s” of the chúng tôi era, he said.

Another student wanted to know if “a nice, honest guy can make it big.” In other words, Kirsner asked, is everyone in Silicon Valley mean or are there people there you’d want to invite over to a backyard picnic?

“I don’t even know how to answer that question,” Thiel deadpanned. He said most Silicon Valley dwellers are “quite good people” who act ethically, particularly those involved in monopoly-like businesses. It’s in the competitive spaces where people are more ruthless. “They’ll hire their grandma and pay her less than minimum wage, he said. “It’s in hyper-competitive contexts that the worst gets brought out in people.”

Finally, Kirsner asked Thiel to share a truth no one agrees with him on. When it became clear the PayPal founder was avoiding the question, the Globe columnist pressed him to share “something truly horrifying.”

Eventually, Thiel relented. “Universities are in a crisis today similar to the Catholic Church in 1500,” he said. Higher education can’t be a system of “you go to Yale or you go to jail.” Students’ future paths will be much more heterogeneous. “You have to find out how to save yourselves.”

Nasa Shares The First Images From Landsat 9

NASA shares the first images from Landsat 9

In late September of this year, NASA and the US Geological Survey launched the latest satellite in the Landsat fleet called Landsat 9. The satellite has now collected and shared its first images of Earth. The images were taken on October 31 and show how the mission will help manage resources and understand how climate change is impacting the planet. The Landsat series of satellites have been in operation for nearly five decades.

Landsat 9’s first images have given NASA and USGS critical data about the landscapes and coastlines the planet seen from space. NASA says that it will continue to work with the USGS to strengthen and improve accessibility to Landsat data for decision-makers in the US and around the world. Both organizations hope images gathered by the satellite will help decision-makers understand the climate crisis, manage agricultural practices, preserve natural resources, and respond more effectively to natural disasters.

Among the locations the first satellite images shared by NASA show are Detroit, Michigan, and nearby Lake St. Clair. Images also show cities and beaches along the coastline of Florida, and images also show Navajo County, Arizona. NASA says the data helps to monitor crop health and manage irrigation water. Also seen in the new images is data about the changing landscape in the Himalayas in High Mountain Asia and on the coastline of northern Australia.

NASA says Landsat 9 is quite similar to Landsat 8, which has been in orbit since 2013 and is still currently in orbit. However, the new satellite has multiple improvements, including the capability to send data with higher radiometric resolution back to Earth for study. With improved radiometric resolution, the satellite can detect more subtle differences in the landscape compared to older satellites, particularly over water or dense forests.

Landsat 9 has the capability of differentiating more than 16,000 shades in a given wavelength color. While Landsat 8 is still in orbit, the satellite that Landsat 9 is replacing is Landsat 7. By comparison, Landsat 7 is only able to detect 256 shades. Landsat 9 project scientist Jeff Masek says that first light for the satellite is a significant milestone, and he notes that the images look fantastic.

The satellite has a pair of instruments aboard to gather images, including the Operational Land Imager 2 used to detect visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared light across nine wavelengths. The second instrument is the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2, designed to detect thermal radiation across two wavelengths and is used to measure the surface temperature of the earth and any temperature changes.

Currently, the team is conducting a 100-day check-out that has them testing satellite systems and subsystems and calibrating instruments. Once the calibration checkout is over, the mission will be turned over to USGS in January. USGS will operate Landsat 9 and Landsat 8 together. The two satellites are expected to collect around 1500 images of the surface of the planet daily and cover the entire globe every eight days.

NASA notes that all data collected by Landsat 9 will be available for free to the public from the USGS website once the satellite begins normal operations. Landsat 9 launched on September 17 at 2:12 PM Eastern time utilizing a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket. While the new satellite is the latest in the Landsat series, the very first launched way back in 1972.

Nokia Shares Rise As Windows Phone 7 Rumours Spread

Nokia, amid rumours that the mobile giant is preparing to embrace Windows Phone 7 in its product line, saw a four percent rise in shares since Monday, The New York Times reports. Speculation has been rife for months, but as Nokia CEO Stephen Elop is said to be preparing to address investors at a speech in London next week, rumours are surfacing that Elop could be announcing a Microsoft partnership on Friday. Speculation has been fuelled by an open letter from Berenberg Bank’s Adnaan Ahmad, where the analyst urged the two companies to enter into an exclusive deal, citing the benefits of a manufacturer fully backing a single mobile OS (“Do you really think HTC, Samsung and LGE are pushing your products ahead of Google’s?”) as well as access to “a potential 20-25%” of global marketshare. An exclusive deal, however, would involve abandoning Symbian, having shipped on an estimated 385 million devices. Such a deal could prove to be the boost that both companies need. Nokia last year reported a 40% drop in profits, and its success in the United States has left a lot to be desired. Microsoft also has some catching up to do, with Windows Phone 7 holding a mere 2% market share, as opposed to Android’s estimated 32.5% market share. Not everyone is convinced though. Renowned blogger Mary Jo Foley dismissed the rumours in a tweet earlier today, and analyst Carolina Milanesi of Gartner in London was less than convinced. Voicing concerns over the success of a potential partnership, Milanesi said “Windows Phone 7 has been disappointing and Microsoft is not sexy to the consumer from a mobile phone perspective.”

Switch Vs Router Vs Hub

Difference Between Switch vs Router vs Hub

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Head to Head Comparison Between Switch vs Router vs Hub (Infographics)

Below are the Top 14 comparison between Switch vs Router vs Hub:

Key Difference Between Switch vs Router vs Hub

Some of the major key differences are mentioned below:

1. Short description of the devices

Router applies headers and forward tables to decide the suitable for transmitting the packets and executes protocols to interact with every device and provide a suitable path between hosts. The switch is the network device that segregates and transmit the packets between LAN segments. It is based on the OSI reference model and backup of any type of packet protocol. Hub is a general network component that acts as a center point for the network’s connected devices. it comprises of multiple ports because the packet received at one port can be copied to every port in LAN to view all packets.

2. The framework of network devices

Routers are extremely different from hubs and switches. Hub and switch are disturbed with transmitting frames, whereas as the name suggests, the router transmits the packets to every network till that concerned packet reaches its destination. It contains the endpoint address and key elements of the packet.

3. Port of the network devices 4. Firewall offered by network devices

The router provides a highly confidential firewall based on DHCP and DNS to protect the local area network from the attack of malicious content.

Comparison Table of Switch vs Router vs Hub

Let’s discuss the top comparison between Switch vs Router vs Hub:

Basis of Comparison Switch Router Hub

Definition of the devices A switch has a minimum level of brilliance that can open the messages, verify the IP address, and guide the message packets to port on that device with IP address resides. It cannot alter IP addresses or view address exterior of the range of the network. A router can read IP addresses and direct the message to another network with a varied IP address to the actual network. The router software can deploy up an address table. It knows to detect other devices. The hub is a simple device that is similar to the multi-plug unit and no in-built intelligent capability in it. A high complicated unit may integrate a repeater or amplifier. It connects two different networks.

The layer of each component It is the data link layer. It operates at the 2nd layer of the OSI design. The outer layer is present on the third layer of the network surface. It is similar to TCP or IP router that can efficiently transfer data from one network to another. Every single network consists of multiple interconnected routers. Hubs are divided into layer 1 devices as per the OSI design. It is present as a physical layer.

Connecting port 24/48 port is the connecting port present in this layer. It is a multi-port bridge. The LAN, Ethernet, uplink, and WAN ports are used in the router. 4/12 port is the connecting port present in this layer.

Type of device It is a software-based active device and also an effective networking device. It can be connected to a wireless router. In the case of wired systems, routers provide a limited number of ethernet clients. It is a passive device without using the software.

Type of transmission It performs broadcast initially. Then it performs multicast and unicast as required. It performs and supports every type of transmission mode. Hub works on the principle of frame floodings such as unicast, broadcast and multicast.

MAC address The network switch stores the MAC address in the lookup table. The network layer supports the router to store MAC addresses. The network hub is not trained to save the MAC address.

Format of Transmission data Frame with 1.2 switch, packets, and frames on 1.3 switch. Data transmission is made in the form of packets. It is transmitted as an electrical signal or.bits.

Mode of data transmission It follows a full-duplex transmission mode. It supports the full-duplex mode of transmission. It follows a Half-duplex transmission mode.

Function It enables multiple ports that can manage multiple connections. VLAN issues security measures to the system. It has the main function to connect different types of the network simultaneously that follows the adaptive and non-adaptive routing. To connect or interlink multiple system or components to each other is possible using positioning the hub.

Application of the device It is mostly used in Local Area Network. It mostly adapted in LAN and MAN. It is mostly used in Local Area Network.

Based on the broadcast domain Hub is based on one broadcast domain unless any VLAN is incorporated. There are double broadcast domains and provides a discrete domain for each boundary. Hub is based on the single broadcast domain.

Types of collision There is no possibility of connection is the full-duplex hub. There are five domains of collision in a router. A collision frequently occurs in hubs at the time of installation.

Spinning tree The switch has a high probability of many spinning trees. It has an intermediate chance for spinning trees. It has a no-spinning tree.

Manufacturer of the device It is developed by Cisco, Juniper, and D-Link. It is developed by Cisco. It is developed by Cisco, Oracle and Sun systems.

Conclusion

Hence, the hub combines to form an Ethernet network segment, whereas the switch can also connect it. But it is efficiently performed by routers.

Bitbucket Vs Github Vs Gitlab

Difference between Bitbucket vs Github vs Gitlab

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Head to Head Comparison Between Bitbucket vs Github vs Gitlab (Infographics)

Below are the top differences between Bitbucket vs Github vs Gitlab

Key differences of Bitbucket vs GitHub vs GitLab

The key difference between all these three platforms, i.e. Bitbucket, GitHub, and GitLab, is the support of the open-source repository in the platform. Among all three, GitLab is the only platform that supports an open-source repository. The GitLab platform provides the functionality to the user to see the complete code on their official website. In the GitHub platform, although there is a large category of the free, open-source project, it is not categorized in the open-source repository. In the GitHub platform, there are many free, open-source type projects and helps to connect people who have a similar interest. In the Bitbucket platform, there is self-hosted version functionality where the developer gets the option to host their project privately, but the open-source repository feature is not there in the Bitbucket platform.

The next difference between all these platforms is the importing of repositories. For a repository management platform, it must be able to import repositories from another platform also. In the case of the Bitbucket platform, the user can import repositories from the Mercurial platform. In GitHub, these functionalities are also supported, and the user can also import repositories from another platform. But in the case of the GitLab platform, the user can only import repositories from the git platform. If the user needs to use import the project from another platform, GitHub or Bitbucket is the perfect option for use.

Another difference between the Bitbucket platform, the GitHub platform, and the GitLab platform is the distribution of projects. The bitbucket platform is used to distribute the project among the team members and is beneficial for them. The GitHub platform uses the organization level to distribute the project and is widely used by companies and organizations. In the GitLab platform, the projects are distributed in groups, and members of groups can access the project and share the code on the Gitlab platform. The group-level management can be done by adding the users to the group and can manage the group using the notification feature of the GitLab platform.

The Bitbucket platform supports the feature of a pull request that help the request to pull the project from the platform. The GitHub platform also supports the pull request feature and helps the user get the platform’s project. In the GitLab platform, there is no such feature of the pull request, and instead of this merge request feature is supported in the GitLab platform.

The code snippet can be shared in Bitbucket and GitLab platform, while in the GitHub platform, the gist is shared for the user. The snippet can be shared either public, private, or internal. The original code’s snippet can help the user get the basic idea and use it.

Comparison Table of Bitbucket vs Github vs Gitlab

Now let’s draft the comparison between Bitbucket and Github, and Gitlab in the table below.

Factors Bitbucket GitHub GitLab

Free Private Repositories The Bitbucket provides the functionality of free private repositories to the users. There is no such functionality of free open repositories in the GitHub platform. The GitLab also provides the functionality of free private repositories to the users.

Free Public Repositories The Bitbucket provides the functionality of free public repositories to the users. GitHub also provides the functionality of free public repositories to users. The GitLab also provides the functionality of free public repositories to the users.

Merge Request or Issue templates There is no such functionality in the Bitbucket platform. In the GitHub platform, the user can ask for merge requests or issue templates. In the GitLab platform also the user can ask for merge requests or issue templates.

Integrated CI The integrated CI functionality is provided in the Bitbucket platform. There is no such functionality in the GitHub platform. If the user wants to use this functionality, a third-party application can be used. The integrated CI functionality is provided in the GitLab platform.

Open-Source The Bitbucket platform is not open source. The platform provides some features, but a complete platform is not open-source. The GitHub platform is also not open-source, and the user has limited free features in this platform. The GitLab is an open-source platform, and users can use all the features without paying any cost.

Navigation Usability There is no such functionality provided in the Bitbucket platform. The navigation usability is provided in the GitHub platform. The navigation usability is provided in the GitLab platform.

Large size file storage The Bitbucket platform is capable of providing the feature of storing file of large size. The GitHub platform is capable of providing the feature of storing file of large size.

Integration of third-party tool The Bitbucket platform is capable of integrating third-party tools into the platform. The GitHub platform is also capable of integrating third-party tools into the platform.

The GitLab platform is also capable of integrating third-party tools into the platform.

Project analytics The users can see the project analysis chart and burndown chart in the Bitbucket platform. There is no such functionality provided for the GitHub platform, and features are limited for the user. The user can see the burndown chart and project analysis chart in the GitLab platform.

Conclusion

The Bitbucket platform, GitLab platform, and GitHub platform are the platform that helps the user to manage the project and share the project using these projects. Using these platforms, the software development version becomes easy and helps in the development of the project very easily. And as these platforms are open-source, these can be easily used by the developers for developing new or existing projects.