Trending November 2023 # Complete Guide On Tensorflow Distributed? # Suggested December 2023 # Top 12 Popular

You are reading the article Complete Guide On Tensorflow Distributed? updated in November 2023 on the website Tai-facebook.edu.vn. We hope that the information we have shared is helpful to you. If you find the content interesting and meaningful, please share it with your friends and continue to follow and support us for the latest updates. Suggested December 2023 Complete Guide On Tensorflow Distributed?

Introduction to TensorFlow Distributed

A TensorFlow API allows users to split training across several GPUs, computers, or TPUs. Using this API, we can distribute existing models and learning code with a few source codes. It takes a long time to train a machine learning model. As dataset sizes grow larger, it becomes increasingly difficult to train models in a short period. Distributed computing is used to overcome this.

Start Your Free Data Science Course

Hadoop, Data Science, Statistics & others

What is TensorFlow Distributed?

TensorFlow provides distributed computing, allowing multiple processes to calculate different parts of the graph, even on different servers. This can also allocate computation to servers with strong GPUs while other computations are performed on servers with more memory. Furthermore, TensorFlow’s distributed training is based on data parallelism, which allows us to run different slices of input data on numerous devices while replicating the same model architecture.

How to use TensorFlow distributed?

Tf. distribute is TensorFlow’s principal distributed training method. Strategy. This approach allows users to send model training across several PCs, GPUs, or TPUs. It’s made simple to use, with good out-of-the-box performance and the ability to switch between strategies quickly. First, the total amount of data is divided into equal slices. Next, these slices are chosen depending on the training devices; after each slice, a model can be used to train on that slice. Because the data for each model is distinct, the parameters for each model are likewise distinct, so those weights must eventually be aggregated into the new master model.

1. Generate asset data records in the package

2. Using Dask, pre-process and serialize asset data in a distributed manner for each batch (or other scalers)

3. Create a TFRecord file for each session with serialized binary sets.

tf.distribute. the Strategy was created with the following important objectives in mind:

 Switching between strategies is simple.

Mirrored Strategy

tf. distribute is a mirrored strategy. Mirrored Strategy is a technique for performing synchronous distributed training on many GPUs. Using this Strategy, we can construct clones of our model variables mirrored across the GPUs. These variables are collected together as a Mirrored Variable during operation and kept in sync with all-reduce techniques. NVIDIA NCCL provides the default algorithm; however, we can choose another pre-built alternative or develop a custom algorithm.

Creating mirrored type

mirrored_strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy()

TPU’s Strategy

One can use tf.spread.experimental.TPUStrategy to distribute training among TPUs. It contains a customized version of all-reduce that is optimized for TPUs.

Multiworker Mirrored Strategy

It’s a very specific strategy – multimachine chúng tôi manage the process, it replicates variables per device across the workers. So reduction is dependent on hardware and tensor sizes.

Architecture

Going distributed allows us to train all of the huge models at the same time, which speeds up the training process. The architecture of the concept is seen below. A-C API separates the user-level code in multiple languages from the core runtime.

Client:

Distributed Master:

The distributed master prunes the graph to get the subgraph needed to evaluate the nodes the client has requested. The optimized subgraphs are then executed across a series of jobs in a coordinated manner.

Worker Service:

Each task’s worker service processes requests from the master. Kernels are sent to local devices by the worker service, which runs them in parallel. While training, workers compute gradients, typically stored on a GPU. If a worker or parameter server breaks, the chief worker controls failures and ensures fault tolerance. If the chief worker passes away, the training must be redone from the most recent checkpoint.

Kernel implementation

Several action kernels are performed with Eigen: Tensor, which generates effective feature code for multicore CPUs and GPUs using C++ templates.

Practical details to discuss

Creating two clusters before the servers are connected to execute each server in a separate process.

pr2.start()

Example of TensorFlow Distributed

To execute distributed training, the training script must be adjusted and copied to all nodes.

work = ["localhost:2222", "localhost:2223"]

jobs = {"local": tasks}

Starting a server

ser2 = tf.train.Server(cluster, j_name=”local”, task_index=1)

Next Executing on the same graph

see2 = tf.Session(ser2.target)

The next modification done in the first server is reflected in another server.

print(“Value in second session:”, se2.run(var))

Explanation

The above steps implement a cluster where the two servers act on it. And the output is shown as:

Result

Conclusion

We now understand what distributed TensorFlow can do and how to adapt your TensorFlow algorithms to execute distributed learning or parallel experiments. By employing a distributed training technique, users may greatly reduce training time and expense. Furthermore, the distributed training approach allowed developers to create large-scale and deep models.

Recommended Articles

This is a guide to TensorFlow Distributed. Here we discuss the Introduction, What is TensorFlow Distributed, and examples with code implementation. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –

You're reading Complete Guide On Tensorflow Distributed?

A Complete Guide To Tensorflow Dataset

Introduction to TensorFlow Dataset

Basically, TensorFlow acts as a collection of different kinds of dataset and it is ready to use in another word, we can say that it is one kind of framework that is used for Machine Learning. The main purpose of the TensorFlow dataset is that with the help of the TensorFlow dataset, we can build the pipeline in a machine learning application.

Start Your Free Data Science Course

Hadoop, Data Science, Statistics & others

What is TensorFlow Dataset?

Profound learning is a subfield of AI or we can say that machine learning is a bunch of algorithms that is propelled by the design and capacity of the cerebrum. Basically, TensorFlow is used for the AI framework or we can say that machine learning framework and it directly gives the straightforward solution to implement the AI concept.

You can utilize the TensorFlow library due to mathematical calculations, which in itself doesn’t appear, apparently, to be all through the very novel, yet these assessments are finished with information stream charts. These hubs address numerical tasks, while the edges address the information, which as a rule are multidimensional information exhibits or tensors, which are imparted between these edges.

TensorFlow Dataset Example Model

Let’s see the example of the Tensorflow dataset as follows:

Datasets is another approach to make input pipelines to TensorFlow models. This API is considerably more performant than utilizing feed_dict or the line-based pipelines, and it’s cleaner and simpler to utilize.

Normally we have the following high-level classes in Dataset as follows:

Dataset: It is a base class that contains all the methods that are required to create the transformed dataset as well it also helps initialize the dataset in the memory.

TextLineDataset: Basically we need to read the line from the text file, so for that purpose we use TextLineDataset.

TFRecordDataset: It is used to read the records from the TFRecord files as per requirement.

FixedLengthRecordDataset: When we need to read the fixed size of the record from the binary file at that time we can use FixedLengthRecordDataset.

Iterator: By using Iterator we can access the dataset element at a time when required.

We need to create the CSV file and store the data that we require as follows: Sepailength, SepalWidth, SetosLength, SetosWidth, and FlowerType.

Explanation:

In the above-mentioned input value, we need to put it into the CSV file which means we read data from the CSV file. The first four are the input value for a single row and FlowerType is the label or we can say the output values. We can consider a dataset of input set is float and int for the output values.

We also need to label the data so we can easily recognize the category.

Let’s see how we can represent the dataset as follows:

Code:

types_name = ['Sepailength','SepalWidth',' SetosLength',' SetosWidth']

After the training dataset, we need to read the data so we need to create the function as follows:

Code:

def in_value(): ………………… return({'Sepailengt':[values], '……….'}) Class Diagram for Estimators

Let’s see the class diagram for the Estimators as follows:

Estimators are an undeniable level API that diminishes a significant part of the standard code you recently expected to compose when preparing a TensorFlow model. Assessors are likewise truly adaptable, permitting you to abrogate the default conduct on the off chance that you have explicit prerequisites for your model.

We can use two ways to build the class diagram as follows:

Pre-made Estimator: This is a predefined estimator’s class and it is used for a specific type of model.

Base Class: It provides complete control over the model.

Representing our Dataset

Let’s see how we can represent the dataset as follows:

There are different ways to represent the data as follows:

We can represent datasets by using numerical data, categorical data, and ordinal data, we can use anyway as per our requirement.

Code:

import pandas as pd_obj data_info = pd_obj.read_csv("emp.csv") row1 = data_info.sample(n = 1) row1 row2 = data_info.sample(n = 1) row2

Explanation:

In the above example we try to fetch the dataset, here first we import the pandas to implement the AI program after that we read data from the CSV file as shown, here we have an chúng tôi file and we try to read the data from that file.

The final output or we can say that result we illustrated by using the following screenshot as follows.

Output:

Similarly, we can display the second row same as above.

Importing Data TensorFlow Dataset

Let’s see how we can import the Data TensorFlow dataset as follows:

Code:

import tensorflow as tf_obj A = tf_obj.constant([4,5,6,7]) B = tf_obj.constant([7,4,2,3]) res = tf_obj.multiply(A, B) se = tf_obj.Session() print(se.run(res)) se.close()

Explanation:

By using the above we try to implement the TensorFlow dataset, here first we import the TensorFlow as shown, and after that, we write the two different arrays A and B as shown. After that, we make the multiplication of both arrays and store results into res variables. In this example, we also add a session and after the complication of the operation, we close the session.

The final output or we can say that result we illustrated by using the following screenshot as follows.

Output:

Freebies TensorFlow Dataset

Basically, the Tensorflow dataset is an open-source dataset that is the collection of datasets we can directly use during the machine learning framework such as Jax, and all datasets we can set by using the TensorFlow as per requirement.

It also helps us to improve our performance.

Conclusion

From the above article, we have taken in the essential idea of the TensorFlow dataset and we also saw the representation of the TensorFlow dataset. From this article, we saw how and when we use the TensorFlow dataset.

Recommended Articles

We hope that this EDUCBA information on “TensorFlow Dataset” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.

Complete Guide On Junit Eclipse In Detail

Introduction to JUnit Eclipse

JUnit is an open-source java library; with the help of the JUnit library, we can perform the unit testing, or in other words, we can say that it is a unit testing framework. We can integrate JUnit with eclipse by adding the external jar file of JUnit. Basically, JUnit is used to test the small types of functionality, or we can say that a small module of an application is normally a single class. In JUnit, we perform the validation and verification of functionality that means developed functionality work as per the customer requirement or not that should be checked in JUnit. Basically, it is a java class library, but it is included in eclipse.

Start Your Free Software Development Course

Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others

JUnit Eclipse Overviews

Unit testing is a significant part of Test Driven Development (TDD) as it helps discover issues in the code as right on time as could be expected, particularly when you create changes to the current code you can run unit tests again to ensure that the progressions don’t break the application (that is regression testing). In addition, as a software engineer, you ought to compose and run unit tests to guarantee that your code meets its plan and acts as expected.

Test case structure in JUnit are as follows:

Suppose, for example; we have an arithmetic class as follows:

Code:

public class Arithmetic{ public int sum(int x, int y){ return x + y; } Public int mul(int x, int y){ return x * y; } }

Explanation:

Here we created an Arithmetic class, and it has two methods that sum() and mul() as shown in the above class.

Now we need to write the test script for the above class. But, first, we must ensure that the above class working is fine, and we need to follow the below structure in JUnit as follows.

Code:

import org.junit,*; public class ArithmeticTest{ @BeforeClass Public static void setup(){ } @Test public void testsum(){ } public void testmul(){ } @After public void teardown(){ } }

Explanation:

The above example shows how to write the test script in JUnit, basically providing the different notations as shown in the above code.

Using JUnit Eclipse

Now let’s see how we can use JUnit in eclipse as follows:

The first step is to add the external jar file into eclipse. After completion of the jar file, we need to extract that file as shown in the following screenshot as follows.

Now create a project and add this JUnit library into a created project, as shown in the following screenshot as follows.

Creating a JUnit in Eclipse

Now let’s create JUnit in eclipse as follows:

In the above point, we already seen how we can add jar files into an eclipse and how we can create the JUnit Test Case.

Example:

During the creation of the JUnit Test Case class, we need to assign the name of the class, and we select different notations for those we require, as shown in the following screenshot as follows.

First, create the demo class and write the following code as follows.

Code:

package day_1; public class demo { private String msg; public demo(String msg){ this.msg = msg; } public String DisplayMsg(){ System.out.println(msg); return msg; } }

Explanation:

In the above code, we created a demo class file and tried to print the message on the console with the help of this class.

Code:

package day_1; import org.junit.Test; import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals; public class sample { String str = " Hi Welcome in JUni"; demo msgutil = new demo(str); @Test public void testPrintMessage() { assertEquals(str,msgutil.DisplayMsg()); } }

Explanation:

Output:

How to Set JUnit Eclipse?

Now let’s see how we can set JUnit in eclipse as follows:

After the successful installation of JUnit, we can access the JUnit library. There are two ways to set up the JUnit in eclipse maven and jar file.

So we need to follow some steps to set up the JUnit as follows:

First, we need to create the project into eclipse.

After that, we need to create the simple java class file and JUnit Test Case file.

Inside the Run, as an option, we have 1JUnit Test Command to run the JUnit Test Case class.

Conclusion

From the above article, we have taken in the essential idea of the JUnit eclipse, and we also saw the representation and example of the JUnit eclipse. From this article, we have seen how and when we use the JUnit eclipse.

Recommended Articles

This is a guide to JUnit Eclipse. Here we discuss the introduction, overviews, creating a JUnit in eclipse, and setting it. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –

Complete Guide To Scala Developer

Introduction to Scala Developer

Scala is the new world, well this is what makes the Scala Developers. Scala being a general-purpose programming language provides a platform for both functional as well as object-oriented programming approaches. Scala Developers are the ones who works properly on Scala Language working with the various methods and functions related to it. Scala Developer with the help of Scala as their main language work on the various object-related programming concepts. The Scala Developers play a vital role in Data Science and Data Analytics. Various Data Tools are written with Scala as the main language providing various libraries related to Data Processing and analysis.

Start Your Free Software Development Course

Scala provides us with various API and libraries that make the developers comfortable for working with an object-oriented programming approach. Scala integrates the features of object-oriented programming making it easier for developers from Java or any object-oriented concept background.

Why Scala Developer?

Scala Developers are preferred in the market now day the reason being Scala is easy to learn, with developers having the access to write the queries in much simpler are easier form. It is a type-safe language from where we can work with both object-oriented as well as functional programming. The architecture of Scala makes a developer easy to understand and has more exposure to the industry.

The lines of code and the rules needed to write a JAVA code are comparatively much more complex and SCALA provides the features for writing it in a simpler way making it developers’ choice. The compilers used by the Scala developer are much smarter and environmentally friendly.

Let us check with an Example:

Let us create a List in JAVA.

Code:

import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class HelloWorld{ public static void main(String []args){ list.add("1"); list.add("2"); list.add("3"); System.out.println(list); } }

Snapshot:

Let’s check that in scala:

Code:

object HelloWorld { def main(args: Array[String]) { val list = List("1", "2", "3") print(list) } }

Snapshot:

Scala developers came up with any method such as a map, flatmap making the looping and iterations easier for developers.

From this, we saw Why do we need Scala Developers and the benefit of having them in the industry.

Working Roles of Scala Developer

Let us see some Working roles of a Scala Developer:

Scala Developers deal with the object-oriented programming approach.

Scala Developers works with functional Data.

Scala can be used for various data analytics working model also like machine learning lib, R

Used for an end to end application development.

Various Big Data Environments are being set up using Scala as the main language.

End to End business development models is carried out in Scala Framework.

A huge exposure from the machine learning domain to web apps is available in Scala.

Many multi-core CPU arches is made using Scala language.

Many java related roles can also be clumped together with Scala making its exposure exposed.

Skills Required

A perfect Scala Developer must enrich the following Skills:

Must have programming experience.

Able to work on logic building and project architecture.

Having hands-on various programming rules like initialization of a variable, looping, memory allocation.

Having a computer background will definitely work.

Good knowledge of Scala IDE.

Able to extract the functionalities provided.

Analytical building approach.

Good knowledge of JAVA programming will always work.

Having the knowledge of Spark, BIG Data always works as Spark is written in Scala providing all the basic libraries for Big Data Processing.

Knowledge of Scala-based testing tools such as- Scala test, Specs2

Knowledge of Scala Build Tools (Sbt).

Knowledge of Scala Framework and libraries such as Scalaz, Cats.

Basic Scala functions such as- Pattern Matching, Case Class, Trait.

Conclusion

From the above article, we saw the importance of Scala Developer in the real world. From various examples and classifications, we tried to understand how the SCALA DEVELOPERS work and its usage in Scala Programming.

We also saw the skills required and the working role of Scala Developer, Also the working roles of Scala developer gave a clear picture about the industry exposure for the developers.

Recommended Articles

We hope that this EDUCBA information on “Scala Developer” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.

Complete Guide To Mongodb Objectid()

Introduction to MongoDB ObjectId()

MongoDB objectid() returns a new objectid value, objectid in MongoDB consisting of 4-byte timestamp value which represented an objectid creation and is measured in seconds. Objectid is very important and useful to return a new objectid value, objectid in MongoDB consisting of 12-byte random value. A 3 byte incrementing counter is used to initialize random value, objectid in MongoDB will accept the hexadecimal string value for the new objectid. The hexadecimal parameter is an optional parameter that was used with objectid, type of hexadecimal parameter is a string.

Start Your Free Data Science Course

Hadoop, Data Science, Statistics & others

Syntax and Parameter

In the below syntax hexadecimal value is divided into three segments in MongoDB.

The first segment contains the 4-byte value, which represented the second since the UNIX epoch in MongoDB.

The second segment will contain 5-byte random value.

The third segment will contain 3 byte counter starts with a random value.

Objectid: Objectid is very important and useful in MongoDB to return a new objectid value. Objectid in MongoDB was contained three methods is get a timestamp, to String and value of. To create a new objectid in MongoDB, we need to declare objectid as the method. This we can define objectid as a unique identifier for each record.

Hexadecimal: This parameter is essential and useful in MongoDB to define hexadecimal value. Hexadecimal in MongoDB objectid define as value of the variable, we can define a variable in the place of a hexadecimal value. Each time declared variable using objectid in MongoDB would return a unique hexadecimal value.

How ObjectId() works in MongoDB?

Below is the working of objectid is as follows. This was basically provided three methods of objectid.

gettimestamp()

toString()

Valueof()

1. The first method is gettimestamp it will contain a timestamp. It is an essential and useful method of objectid. It will return the timestamp portion of the objectid.

2. The second method will contain a toString; it will convert the string. MongoDB toString will return the string representation of objectid.

The value of the method in objectid will returns a lowercase hexadecimal string in MongoDB. This value will contain str attribute of objectid.

We can declare a variable with objectid. The below example shows declare objectid.

A = objectid ()

The objectid is nothing but default primary key of the document, which was usually found in the id document field at the inserted document.

This objectid will contains 12-byte binary BSON type which contained 12 bytes. The driver and server will generate objectid using a default algorithm.

Objectid is very important and useful in MongoDB to return a new objectid value, objectid in MongoDB consist of 12-byte random value.

The hexadecimal parameter is an optional parameter that was used with objectid, type of hexadecimal parameter is a string.

The objectid() is return a new objectid value, objectid in MongoDB consists of 4-byte timestamp value which represented an objectid creation and measured in seconds.

A 3 byte incrementing counter is used to initialize random value, objectid will accept the hexadecimal string value for the new objectid.

If we want to define our own hexadecimal value in MongoDB, it will enable definer to define hexadecimal value.

This we can define objectid with hexadecimal value as a parameter or a method. We can also define objectid as a method in MongoDB. Objectid is also known as a unique identifier.

MongoDB objectid will create automatically when we have inserted a new document within the collection.

Examples to Implement MongoDB ObjectId()

Below are the examples mentioned:

Example #1 – Create objectid at the time of document insertion

Below example states that create objectid at the time of document insertion. At the time of document insertion, objectid will automatically be generated.

db.mongo_objectid.find()

Output:

Explanation: In the above example, we have inserted three documents. But we have not inserted an objectid field. Objectid field will automatically be created at the time of document insertion.

Example #2 – Generate new objectid

The below example shows create new objectid. At the time of creating a new objectid, we have to define A as variable.

Code:

A = ObjectId()

Output:

Example #3 – Specify a hexadecimal string

In the below example, we have to define the hexadecimal string. The hexadecimal string will create the object. The hexadecimal string will return the same hexadecimal string which we have to define in the example.

Code:

Output:

Example #4 – Access hexadecimal string

The below example is an objectid that access hexadecimal string using an str attribute. It will return hexadecimal value using an str attribute.

Code:

ObjectId ("807f191a810c19729de860ae").str

Output:

Example #5 – Objectid using gettimestamp

In the below example, we have called the gettimestamp method to generate objectid. Gettimestamp is a handy and important method to generate objectid.

Code:

ObjectId("617a7f79bcf86ef7994f6c0a").getTimestamp()

Output:

Example #6 – Objectid using toString

The below example shows objectid using the toString method. In the below example, we have called the toString method to generate objectid, toString is a handy and important method to generate objectid.

Code:

ObjectId("617a7f79bcf86ef7994f6c0a").toString()

Output:

Example #7 – Objectid using valueOf

The below example shows objectid using the valueOf method. In the below example, we have called the valueOf method to generate objectid in MongoDB, valueOf is a handy and important method to generate objectid.

Code:

ObjectId("617a7f79bcf86ef7994f6c0a").valueOf()

Output:

Conclusion

Objectid is very important to return new objectid value, objectid consist of 12-byte random value. Thus objectid() is return a new objectid value, objectid in consisting of 4-byte timestamp value which represented an objectid creation and measured in seconds.

Recommended Articles

This is a guide to MongoDB ObjectId(). Here we discuss an introduction to MongoDB ObjectID() with syntax, parameters, and examples to better understand. You can also go through our other related articles to learn more –

Chatbot Pricing – Complete Guide In 2023

Impulse investing in expensive chatbots to drive digital transformation can hamper growth and waste company resources, as the conversational AI market has a wide price range and many options.

We wrote this article so that business leaders make informed decisions on conversational AI solutions by learning:

Types of chatbot pricing plans,

Costs involved in purchasing chatbots,

Pricing plans from top chatbot vendors

How to choose the chatbot option for your needs.

What are the types of chatbot pricing plans? Free plan chatbots

Free plan chatbots are a starting place for small businesses that want to automate customer support services. Most chatbot companies offer free chatbots which are beneficial for companies with a limited budget and little to no experience with chatbot development. Free chatbots offer basic features, but often come with restrictions such as:

The number of customer conversations

A limited number of staff accounts

Chatbot integration capabilities

You can start experimenting with a free plan before moving on to different pricing plans with more features or no restrictions.

Subscription chatbots Enterprise chatbots

Many conversational AI platforms also offer solutions for enterprises with an enterprise plan. The chatbot cost for enterprise solutions is higher, as they offer fully customized chatbot services (i.e. a dedicated account manager) to ensure the business goals of utilizing a chatbot are met successfully (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: Haptik’s pricing

Source: Haptik

Conversational AI firm Haptik offers chatbots and intelligent virtual assistants (IVAs) that enable businesses from a variety of sectors to interact with their clients on WhatsApp, mobile apps, websites, and more. Haptik has a large portfolio of customers, ranging from SMEs to enterprises. You can see the capabilities of conversational AI solutions by requesting a demo from Haptik.

What are the costs involved in purchasing a chatbot?

Chatbot pricing, especially for enterprise chatbots, is comprised of many additional costs. These costs are paid for features such as enhanced privacy, maintenance, and development. We will examine these costs in detail to inform potential customers about how the pricing plans of chatbots are formed.

1. Chatbot software platform cost

Chatbot providers have specified chatbot platforms that are used to develop, deploy, and modify conversational AI solutions. The chatbot software platform is commonly present on all pricing plans from free to enterprise, but features depend on the chosen plan.

2. License costs

Some business owners may have concerns about the security of the data collected through chatbots, such as who has access to it or where it is stored. To mitigate these concerns, chatbot vendors often include license costs to govern the use and distribution of chatbot solutions.

3. Development and installation costs

Chatbot companies provide technical assistance to companies looking to outsource chatbot development. Developers from the chatbot company build and deploy bots tailored to the client’s business needs. Technical assistance often includes installation, which is required to integrate the chatbots into existing systems/applications for running operations smoothly.

In addition to technical assistance, chatbot companies can offer insight into the design and marketing that goes into chatbots. These costs are associated with a graphic designer and a content creator, which works to ensure the end product is in-line with your business requirements. A chatbot with a good user experience will leave a positive impact on customers, which will lead to a higher return on investment.

4. Support and maintenance costs

You might need to improve or change chatbot features as your business grows, which requires an ongoing relationship with the chatbot vendor. Subscription or enterprise plan chatbot solutions serve as long-term partners to the clients and assist them where they need it. Some applications include:

Solving encountered bugs or issues

Meeting additional requests

Keeping systems and platforms up-to-date.

5. Usage costs

These costs include additional costs that are paid to third parties. An example is WhatsApp chatbots, which require a WhatsApp business API provided by an official WhatsApp Business partner. WhatsApp charges businesses on a per-conversation basis, so exceeding the free conversation limit translates to usage costs for the business.

Pricing plans from top chatbot vendors

You can view the table of top chatbot vendors with information regarding pricing plans from their websites below.

VendorPricing PlanFree Trial / DemoFree PlanStarter PlanEnterprise Plan HaptikSubscriptionYesNo$5000.00 /yearUndisclosed Kore.aiUsage-basedYesYes$0.01 / user requestSession-based pricing (undisclosed) IBM Watson AssistantSubscriptionYesYes$140.00 /monthUndisclosed Yellow.aiUsage-basedYesNoUndisclosedUndisclosed $4 per 1 million charactersNo Azure Bot ServicesUsage-basedYesYes$0.50 per 1,000 messages in Premium Channels (non-Microsoft or open)No

How to choose the chatbot option for your needs 1. Determine the use case

Chatbots are not developed to meet general business needs, they are tailored toward specific use cases such as conversational marketing or answering FAQs. It is essential to determine clear use cases prior to investing in a chatbot, which will directly influence the chatbot flow, the integrations, and the associated costs.

2. Determine your bot requirements

Bots can be created with a decision tree or rule-based format, where there is a predetermined flow that designates how customer conversations proceed. An alternative is AI chatbots, trained with natural language processing (NLP) tools. AI chatbots improve their performance over time as they gain insights from customer queries, but they are costlier compared to rule-based chatbots.

Determining bot requirements goes hand-in-hand with the use case, as some use cases such as lead generation may require a more sophisticated AI chatbot.

3. Perform a cost-benefit analysis

Analyze the cost of the process you are trying to automate with a chatbot, with metrics such as:

Staff costs,

Completion time,

Customer satisfaction rate,

Actual and forecasted demand.

Once you can paint a clear financial picture of the process, you can compare it with the conversational AI solutions of your selected vendor.